![]() ![]() Mainwaring and Aníbal Pérez-Liñán (2014, 70) offer a similar definition: "any historical period during which there is a sustained and significant increase in the proportion of competitive regimes (democracies and semi-democracies)." In his 1991 book, The Third Wave, Huntington defined a democratic wave as "a group of transitions from nondemocratic to democratic regimes that occur within a specified period of time and that significantly outnumber transitions in the opposite directions during that period of time." (Huntington 1991, 15) Other scholars, such as Seva Gunitsky of the University of Toronto, have referred to thirteen waves from the 18th century to the Arab Spring (2011–2012). Though his book does not discuss the collapse of the Soviet bloc, a number of scholars have taken the "Third Wave" to include the democratic transitions of 1989–1991. Huntington describes three waves: the first "slow" wave of the 19th century, a second wave after World War II, and a third wave beginning in the mid-1970s in southern Europe, followed by Latin America and Asia. Scholars debate the precise number of democratic waves. Democratization waves have been linked to sudden shifts in the distribution of power among the great powers, which created openings and incentives to introduce sweeping domestic reforms. ![]() Huntington, a political scientist at Harvard University, in his article published in the Journal of Democracy and further expounded in his 1991 book, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Although the term appears at least as early as 1887, it was popularized by Samuel P. Kim Lane Scheppele, Laurance S.In political science, the waves of democracy or waves of democratization are major surges of democracy that have occurred in history. ![]() Sarah Repucci, Vice President of Research & Analysis, Freedom House Greenberg Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School Professor of Law, University of California Davis School of LawĪziz Huq, Frank and Bernice J. Kara Stein, Vice President of Policy and Program, ACSĭebra Perlin, Director of Policy and Program, ACS, ModeratorĪshutosh Bhagwat, Boochever and Bird Endowed Chair for the Study and Teaching of Freedom and Equality and Martin Luther King Jr. In an era where waves of false and misleading information are sowing doubt in the inherent value of democratic governance, what can be done to stem the tide of democratic erosion? And what can we learn from other countries who have faced similar threats? In the United States these trends are particularly troubling with experts arguing that the degree of democratic erosion we are currently seeing, particularly as it relates to electoral integrity and anticorruption, is customarily assigned to fragile corners of the globe rather than established democracies. This convening is happening against the backdrop of significant democratic decline both at home and abroad, where longstanding democratic norms related to good governance, judicial independence, and transition of power are being challenged by leaders with authoritarian tendencies. This month President Biden will convene the Summit for Democracy, which will bring together global leaders to set forth an affirmative agenda for democratic renewal and tackle some of the greatest threats faced by democracies today. " class="_youtube_prefs_ no-lazyload" title="YouTube player" allow="accelerometer autoplay clipboard-write encrypted-media gyroscope picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""> ![]() Truth, Racial Healing, and Transformation.Technology Law and Intellectual Property.Regulation and the Administrative State. ![]()
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